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WAJAALE NEWS
Assessing The Impact of Recurrent Droughts And The Use of The Copping Mechanisms In Somaliland!
January 7, 2023 - Written by Editor:Draught can be defined as the deficiency of moisture in a given area for long period of time which can cause the land to be dry and hence promotes the soil to be blown away by wind, water and other agents of soil erosion. the horn of Africa accounts to be one of the most affected sites of recurrent droughts -that it has been continuously occurring for the last decades and caused great loses of life and property. Due to the climate and harsh environment it enforced to the communities who live in these areas to adopt and create newly ways of prevented extreme climates such recurrent drought, extreme weathers and other environmental problems. According to the report of time revolution in Kenya that 3.75 million people in the pastoralist and marginal cropping areas of Kenya were affected by a food crisis and related factors of drought. The most vulnerable were the 1.4 million pastoralists in the north and northeastern districts of Wajir, Turkana, Isiolo, Mandera, Marsabit, and garissa. In those areas, the failure of short season crops and decreasing livestock productivity (due to water scarcity, increase in livestock disease, and longer trekking distances) caused severe food insecurity. The situation was further complicated by weakened community coping mechanisms, and a highly unstable security situation (particularly in northeastern Kenya and the Dadaab camps), that was preventing humanitarian assistance from reaching beneficiaries. Not only a Kenya but there are the other regions in the horn that are in its severe state among those include Somaliland , Somalia and the countries in its neighbor . Somaliland which is a self-proclaimed state and broke away from what so called republic of Somalia have been one of the obvious developing nations in the horn Africa which has been developing towards the infrastructure such health service , educations and other necessary social amenities but in other hand it has in a continuous struggle for the environmental challenges amongst recurrent droughts that has been reoccurring for the last decades . To what Extent does the droughts impact is severe? According to Danish refugee council Across Somalia, people have lost much of their livestock since the drought started in 2015. Poor families, who have the least resources and ability to adapt, have lost 40–60% of their herds in Somaliland and 20–40% in the rest of the country. The drought has also devastated crops, forcing more than 1.15 million people to leave their homes between January 2016 and May 2018, 3 often only once they had become malnourished and weak. Beyond familiar social and economic support networks, people’s survival has become precarious, and their efforts to survive have often put them in yet more danger. Due to the absence of roles government and the widely spread of the corruption it caused for the aid to be diverted to wrong astray which in turn accelerated for the suffer and the death of many poor families whose their coping mechanisms have been weak and could no longer able to continue to exist because of the hunger and poverty resulted from the destruction of their only assets in which their livelihood depend on. The preparedness and mitigation of droughts is an important when it comes the management of drought and reducing its effect as the reduction of the impact and improving the productivity could be major factor to increase the economic status and in turn improving the livelihood of our community in Somaliland. The absence of the role of the government which was supposed to make stiff policy to destruction of trees and the widely use of the vehicles in the rural areas are accelerated and contributed to the environmental degradation which in turn brought to the reduction of the productivity and the heavy erosions which occur mostly in the summary in other hand the communities in the ruaral areas instead of participation to the protection and conservation of the environment they are most nuisance to the environment as there are no rule to prevent them to reach a damage to the environment. 1.3: Traditional and modern copping mechanism of drought The early inhabitants of Somaliland were nomadic pastoralist who mainly depends their livelihood feeding and to get cloth and basic needs among a shelter in which they hide themselves from the harsh climates and extreme weathers and that may reach them a harm or lead them to death. As we mentioned the early people in our country were mostly nomadic who move their livestock in searching of pasture and water but those who use to cultivating were used to do the following amongst: Feeding practice: Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice. Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice. Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Upadhyay et al. (2009) reported that animals should be fed during morning hour because heat in the middle of the day would on peak due to higher environmental temperature. Therefore, majority of livestock dependents of severely drought prone district (Bhagalpur) followed this practice Livestock dependents provided limited/controlled feed/fodder to their livestock due to scarcity of resources of feed and fodder during drought conditions. Sometimes they fed to animals only ensure to its survival or to maintain production at some extent to fulfill their family consumption. Use of feeding materials: Livestock dependents that lack of feed and fodder abundantly during the period of drought and hence decrease in feed intake of their livestock results into decrease in productivity of livestock. Therefore, they used to provide extra crop residues, extra concentrates to the livestock to maintaining productivity (Maiti et al2014a) Change in cropping pattern Mono-cropping (i.e. growing the same crop year after year on the same land), instead of rotation of crops, has been practiced since the start of agriculture in the area over a century ago (Peels, C. V. A. 1900 first impression. 1986). However, because of the low amount of rains and recurrent drought causing crop failure, agro-pastoralists have shifted their production system to mixed cropping (cereals, horticulture), crop diversification and inter cropping (cereal, legumes) 1.4 Traditional techniques of preparedness of droughts Faith and Religious Beliefs Somaliland peoples are well known for their strong religious ties and the involvement of religious groups in the development and leadership of communities. It is found that faith (predominantly Muslim) and involvement in religious communities were an important coping strategy across the country. BY; Abdirasak Hassan Ali { Mr Chance )
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