6. Shiiqida Sahanka Jolojiyaqa(Shirinkage of Somaliland Geological Survey(SGS))

Wasaarada Macdanta iyo Tamarta waa wasaarad aad muhiim u ah oo uu xil kasaaran yahay baadhista iyo soosaarida macdata iyo shidaalka dalka. Wasiirku waxa maandheyt ama awood u leeyahay bixinta Rukhsadaaha iyo ilaalinta xeerka macdan baadhista(mining law) isaga oo la tashanaya Madaxa Jolojiga ee wasaradiisa(Chief Geologist), oo ah qof cilmiga Jolojiga heer sare ka gaadhay khibrad qoto dheerna leh. Isaga ayaa barnaamijka macdanta lagu baadhayo sameeya oo hogaamiya howlaha sahanka jolojiga ( geologic field work) .  Madaxa Jolojiinta waxa ku weheliya badhista macdanta geologists kale, geophysicts, geochemists, geomorphologists, mineralogists, laboratory analysists iyo khubaro kale oo badan. Intaa waxa dheer in uu sahanka jolojiga u haysto qalab casri ah oo macdanta lagu baadho. Madaxweyne, miyaaney guuldarro ahayn haddii aan hal joolojist iyo qalab macdanta lagu baadho xataa (micosopena) ha noqdee wasaaradda ka maqanyihiin. Marka xaaladaasi jirto inagu macdan ma la soo bixi karnaa?  Miyaanay ragaadin macdan soo saarin ahayn. Baadhida shidaalka iyo soosaridiisu waxay qaadtan muddo badan inagu na awood uma lihin arinkaa xiligan,waayo dhaqaale badan bey u baahantahay, laakin macdanta soo saarideedu waxay qaadataa marka lays ku daro baadhida iyo soosaarkaba(mining) saddex sano.

Wassaradda waxa khibrad joloji leh nin keliya ayaa jira isaguna qeybta biyaha ayuu la shaqeeyaa. Dhawaan waxaa debedaha ka soo qalinjebiyay dhalinyaro u baahan tababar (field work)si dalka loogaga faa’iideeyo.

Sharciga Macdan soo saarka(Mining Law)

Mining Law waa sharciga u dhexeeya laysen qaataha ama shirkad ajnebi  noqoto ama muwaadin ha noqdee. Shuruucda wey ku qasbanyiin in ay raacaan. Maxaa laga doonaya marka cidi soo codsato in la siiyo laysan gaar ah(exclusive Mining)?  Waa in ay buuxiyaan qodobada soo socda:

    Hadday ajnebi yihiin waa in ay soo dalbadaan laysanka oo codsigaa soo raciyaan Intu le’ag yahay bedka dulka ay doonayaan, kharidada dulka (map) iyo koordinaytiska (coordinates) dulka ay u codsadeen laysanka. Waa inuu kambanigu lifaaq soo raciyaa magaciisa, cinwankiisa iyo adoowiisa maaliyadeed(assests).

Waa in ay lifaaq soo raciyaan cadeynaya heerka cilmiyeed iyo khibradeed(track record) kooxda macdanta sahaminayaa leeyihiin.

Waa in ay lifaaq soo raciyaan barnaaji sahan jolojiyeed oo tafatiran oo muddo cayiman leh,nooca macdanta ay liisanka u dalbanayaan waa inay cayimantahay ama ay sheegaan.

Maxadweyne, laba kambani oo la kala yidhaao Nuubiyan Dahab (Nubian Gold) oo Canadian ah iyo Mineral Mining Company(MMC) oo Keniyan ahi waxaan kuu sheegayaa inaanay qodobada sharciga macdanta ee sare ku xusan midkoodna fulin ama buuxin. Waxa nasiib daro ah inaan midkodna u iman macdan soo saarid waayo midna malaha awood maaliyadeed iyo mid macdan soosarid. Nuubiyan Dahab xafiiskisii wuu xidhay,habeen madowna  wuu ka huleelay. Maantana uma muqato in ay soo noqonayaan. MMC reboodh bay soo gudbiyeen ma aha mid profesional ah. Reportka waxa qoray nin dilaal ah oo degen jaziirada Honkong waana  laga yakhyakhsoonayaa  oo wax buu u dhimaya garaadkeena (intelligence) waana mid aan la aqbalikarin. Meesha ay laysanka u qaateena waxa la yidhaahaa Biyoole oo bariga ka xigta Bebera. Natiijadoodii waxay sheegeysaa in aaney macdan tayo leh(minable) jirin. Labadaa kambani waxay xayireen muddo laba sano iyo dheerad ah imaatinka kambaniyaal run ah oo awood u leh macdan soo saarida iyo shaki ay kuwii kale ku abuureen. Macdan baadhayaasha ajnebiga waxa laysan la siinaya dhul bedkiisu xadidan yahay. Lama siin karo dhul aad u balaadhan, waayo wasiirku wuxuu ku qasban yahay inuu kamaniyaal badan kala siiyo dul balaciisu kooban yahay. Matalan Eritariya waxay bixisaa laysano balaciisu le’ag yahay 250 square kilomiters. Wey ku guulaysteen in goob dahabka laga soo saaro,iminkana goob kale ayaa la bilaabayaa in dahab laga soo saaro. Waxaan ku talin lahaa in laga fiirsado awoodaa ay leeyihiin kambnadiya soo codsada baadhida macdanta.

Cadaalad daro ah.

Biyoole waa dhulka aan u heystey laysan sharci oo gaar ah (exclusive Prospecting License) Meesha kordinaydu waa :

45o 24’ E- 45o 26’ E; 10o 7’ N –10o 9’ N

Meesha waaxan baadhayey muddo saddex sanno ah. Lixdii biloodba wasiirka waxaan siin jiray qoraal ka waramaya macluumaadka aan ururiyey si aan u iftiimiyo sahanka jolojiga sida oo u socdo iyo macluumatka ii kordhaya.

Diraasidaha Kharidada jolojiga, geochemical and geological survey, chemical analysesl iyo mineralogy waxey i fahamsiiyeen nooca macdanta ee goobtaa laga heli karo.  Guul weyn baan ka gaadhay. Bir(iron ore) oo tayo her sare leh iyo macdanta kale ayaan ka heley. Markii muddadii laysankaygii sanadlaha ahaa u soo gabogaboobey ayaan Wasiirka ka codsaday in uu sanad laysanka ii kordhiyo. Qoraal codsi ah oo ay la socdeen fiigii ama cashuurtii(fees) sanadka ayaan u dhiibey Director of Mining. Ilaa maanta fiigii isaga ayaa haya laysana lay ma siin.

Kordhiska u jeedadiisu waxa ay aheyd in aan qeexo kaydka(reserves)  anigoo u isticmaalaya xisaabta statisicska. Wasiirka waxaan u sheegey in qeexidaasi ii suurogelineyso in aan ku ogaado in keydka macdantu iib gali karto iyo in kale oo haddii keykdu yaraado inaan kordis laysan dame aanan weydiisaneyn.

Mar dambe ayaan ogaaday in goobta aan sharcika u heystey la siiyay shirkada MMC. Wasiirka dacwad baan u gudbiyey. Wasiirku wuxuu igu yidhi dhulka macdanta leh oo dhan(entire mineral belt) waxaan laysan u siiyey shirkada Mineral Mining CO oo ku balan qaadeyna in ay sanadka hore soo saaraan 25000 oo ton ka kuxigana 30,000 oo ton oo sanad walba waxsoosaarku sii kordhinayaan. Arrintuna waa dan qaran(national interest). Wasiirku waxa uu garowsaday in kharash badani igaga baxay sahanka goobta. Lixdan kun oo dollar oo aan ahayn rubuc inta igaga baxday ayaan ka aqbaley heshiis magdhow ah. Lacagtan waxay aheyd in sharikadu bixiso. Muddo  lix bilood ah wey  maqan yihiin. Dowr jeer oo aan Wasiirka la kulmay waxan ka codsaday mar hadii goobtaydii aad siisay MMC oo macluumatkeygiina ay qaateen goobtii wey iga xaranimowdey ee meel kale igu badel. Ilaa maanta jawaab Wasiirka ka ma hayo.Hadaba marka maamulkii sidaa dadkii aqoonta lahaa gacmaha laga xidhayo oo u diidayo inay aqoontooda dalka ugaga faa’iideeyaan sidee dalku hore marayaa ama sow maaha in dalka la sikaga huleelo.

Image1. Shows the tributary that went wild.         Image2. Shows severe land degradation

Image3.Denudation in the formation of new dooxo.  Image4. Note the change of vegetation…

Image5. No comment

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Kharash bixiye Fuliye

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Repoter;Abdiqadir Abdiraxman Habane